At 420 million years, the variable domain of New Antigen Receptors or VNARs are undoubtedly the oldest (and smallest) antigen Amplifier Installation Kit binding single domains identified in the vertebrate kingdom.Their role as an integral part of the adaptive immune system of sharks has been well established and has served to provide a greater unde
Background.The study of drug availability for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents one of the priority tasks in the organization of effective counteraction to COPD in the Russian Federation.Objective: to assess drug prices, affordability, and availability for COPD patients.Material and methods.The analysis of drug a
A number of recent studies have reported that decision-quality is enhanced under conditions of inattention or distraction (unconscious-thought; Dijksterhuis, 2004; Dijksterhuis et al., 2006; Dijksterhuis & Nordgren, 2006).These reports have generated considerable controversy, for both experimental (problems of replication) and theoretical reaso
The carotid bodies (CB) are peripheral chemoreceptors that sense changes in arterial blood O2, CO2 and pH levels.Hypoxia, hypercapnia and acidosis activate the CB, which respond by increasing the action potential frequency in Regular their sensory nerve, the carotid sinus nerve (CSN).CSN activity is integrated in the brain stem to induce a panoply
Abstract Background USP54, a ubiquitin-specific protease in the deubiquitinase (DUB) family, facilitates the malignant progression of several types of cancer.However, the role of USP54 in prostate cancer (PCa), especially castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), remains unknown.Methods We established the CRPC LNCaP-AI cell line from the hormone